How does the internet work - Class of 4th August 2025

What is the internet?

Collection of computers communicating with each other to exchange data.

Client and Server - the basics of the interent

Client is the computer / system requesting for resources.

Server is the computer processing the requests and serving responses

What happens when you try to access a webpage?

1. The URL gets translated / mapped to its IP address by a DNS - Domain Name System
2. Then the Client requests the IP address for the resources.
3. The Server then processes the client’s request and sends the respons to the client.

What are the different parts of URL?

Different Parts of the URL

Protocol: It denotes how to process the data. For Internet it is “https://” by default. But there are other protocols like “ssh” and “ftp”. “https” stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure. It secures the communication by encrypting the request and response content

Root Domain: google.com, facebook.com

Top Level Domain: .com (For commercial/business and professional use), .in (Country code - India), .org (For organizations) etc.

Subdomain The part before the dot on the main domain. It seperates different application under the same main domain. e.g. maps.google.com and meet.google.com are two different apps under the same top level domain google.com.

Routes Comes after the main domain after the slash, denoting pages under one application.

What fun you can try on until next class?

• Change DNS of your device
• Change DNS of your router or home network

Questions raised in the class

• Static IP vs Dynamic IP and do all servers have static IP?
• IPv6 solves the problems of IPv4, then why is it not the standard?

(Let me know if I am missing something in the notes)